Winter Evenings

 

The long winter evenings afford the opportunity for pleasant social enjoyment in the household, such as conversation on special topics, the establishing of a home lyceum, reading aloud, singing, instrumental music, pleasant quiet games, or those that are of a more social nature such as charades, character personations, etc. These should be sanctioned and sometimes participated in by the parents. Children require some amusement: they cannot move according to fixed rules like mere machines. They are active, restless, eager for occupation, fun loving, and social in their nature, and they must have relaxation of some kind. If they cannot have amusement at home, they will be very likely to seek it abroad as soon as they have the opportunity. Many a youth has been led to seek amusement in tho exciting scenes of the gambling table, liquor saloon, and other places of evil associations, because his home was lifeless and dull, and its associations had nothing to amuse, instruct, interest, or attract. Under such influences he soon becomes reckless and dissipated, and goes down to ruin, only another instance of a blighted life, which in all probability pleasant home associations might have ennobled and saved to future usefulness and honor. The isolation of tho country dwelling should suggest to tho farmer tho special necessity of his favoring and providing home amusements for his children. The memory of a beautiful, happy home, with its hallowed associations and teachings has saved many a man from yielding to temptation and treading a downward course, and is one of the richest legacies that parents can leave their children.

 

~The American farmer , 1884

 

Vintage tips for arranging the furniture in your home.

 

1. What in brief are the principles which govern the proper arrangement of furniture in a room?

1. The rugs and larger pieces of furniture should be parallel to the side walls.

 

2. Mobilize the furniture in groups in a way to secure the best use of each piece, – e. g. a table with reading

lamp, flanking chairs, footstool, small end table, or smoking stand, etc.

 

3. Groupings on opposite sides of a room should balance each other as far as possible in mass and height; for

instance the fireplace with picture over, should, if possible, be balanced by the couch opposite, with mirror, picture,or tapestry above.

 

What pieces of furniture should be included in the living-room?

1. All that minister to the comfort of the various members of the household when they are gathered together.

 

What is the first thing to consider in deciding the placement of any piece of furniture?

Its use. The second consideration is proper lighting.

 

Around the Fire

If there is a fireplace an easy may be placed facing it at the or at one side. Another chair can brought from its place against the on occasion. There is usually no for a permanent group of furniture front of the fireplace in a small. Though there may be no floor to spare in a small room it is well to leave the center of the empty it tends to make the room like at box with furniture backed up against the walls. A table of moderate size in the center of room does not interfere with the circulation of people about the room if clear passage of sufficient width is on all four sides of it. It is a mistake to put unusually furniture in a small room with the of making the room look larger small furniture tends to make a seem like a dolls house. It is best to use furniture of moderate size perhaps a few pieces that are larger than the average may be. A small room naturally cannot be to seem spacious but it can be dignity and an air of comfort if it furnished with good easy substantial looking pieces and not over crowded

 

 

No one can cook the Thanksgiving dinner so well as mother does. But no one cooks any dinner so well as she and as a result most of the dinners of the year are prepared by her loving hands. Let us give her a surprise this year the girls will go to mother and tell her that if she is willing they will cook the Thanksgiving dinner. Mother will enjoy the holiday and the girls will find this a happy Thanksgiving Day Thanksgiving Feast.

Naturally the first thing we are to decide is what we are to cook. Thanksgiving dinners are very much the same all over the United States so there won t be much difficulty in that. We will select a typical menu and one so simple that any girl can prepare the dinner and anyone can eat of it without the Thanksgiving nightmare that usually follows the more elaborate menu.

 

THE MENU

I.

Corn Soup Crackers

II.

Roast Turkey

Stuffing  Cranberry Sauce

Mashed Potatoes  Parsnip Fritters

III.

Dressed Celery

Wafers Cheese

IV

Steamed Fruit Pudding

Hard Sauce

 

 

Corn Soup:

6 ears sweet corn or enough to make 1 pt pulp

1 pt milk or cream

1 T salt 1/2 tsp white pepper

1 T sugar

1 T flour

1 Tb butter

Take a very sharp knife and shave the outside bit of skin from each row of corn on the cob, with the back of the knife scrape out the pulp leaving the hull on the cob. Break the cobs and put them to boil with enough cold water to cover boil thirty minutes strain. There should be about 1 pt of water after straining. Put this corn water on to boil again and when boiling add the corn pulp. Cook fifteen minutes add salt pepper sugar and the boiling milk. In a separate saucepan melt butter add flour stir to smooth paste and pour on to this the corn pulp and milk from other kettle. Boil five minutes. Corn that is too old for the table is better for this soup and in case it is made in winter canned corn pulp will serve just as well.

 

Roast Turkey

To Prepare for Stuffing:

After foul has been cleaned thoroughly of feathers and pin feathers singe by holding over a roll of lighted paper to remove all the hairs. With & sharp knife cut the skin at the back of the neck never in front. If foul is to be stuffed remove head and neck close to the body leaving a long piece of skin that is whole in front and cut up the back. Remove windpipe and crop do not tear the skin. Remove the legs by cutting about two inches below leg joint and then break the bone.  At this point with a little care all the thick tendons of the leg may be pulled out from this point one at a time. If once cut across they must remain in and that joint is undesirable when cooked because of the tough tendons. Next dress the foul by removing the entrails from an incision made near the vent. This must be done carefully that the gall bladder which lies just under the liver be not broken. Every thing that can be taken out must be removed. Care must be taken to remove the oil bag just at the tip of the back bone.

Next wash the fowl carefully and quickly inside and outside never allow water to stand on it as some of the juice and flavor is lost thereby wipe thoroughly with a dry clean towel.

To Stuff:

Place in a bowl and put stuffing in at the neck fill out the breast until even. Bring the skin loosely over and drawing the ends of neck skin together sew it over on the back. Then fold the wings over on to the back.  Fill the body with the stuffing but do not crowd or pound it in it must be piled lightly as it always swells a little while cooking and if too full the stuffing will be soggy. Sew the opening with coarse thread.

To Truss:

Draw thighs up closely to body cross legs over tail and tie firmly with twine. Put a long

skewer through thighs another one through the wings holding them close to the body. Bring string from tail tie close to thigh on skewer at right side thence to wing cross the back to the other wing then to opposite thigh and tie firmly round the tail. If you have no skewers the string must be passed round the body at parts mentioned but care must be taken in removing it that the skin is not broken. Fowls are trussed to prevent limbs from spreading from body during cooking

 

Stuffing for Turkey:

To 1 c soft bread or cracker crumbs add

1-3 c melted butter.

Season with sage thyme salt and pepper.

2 Tb minced onion

1 Tb finely chopped suet,

1/2 egg beaten.

Oysters or chopped celery make a pleasing variety. The onions may be omitted if preferred. Mix the ingredients in order given and lightly stuff the turkey. This stuffing is not soggy nor indigestible and if once tried will prove a delicious and satisfactory accompaniment to the turkey.

 

To Roast Turkey:

After turkey has been dressed stuffed and trussed put it on a rack in a baking pan rub well with butter dredge with salt pepper and flour. Put in hot oven and when flour is lightly browned reduce the heat add a pint of water to keep from burning. Baste often with butter until nicely browned then with the fat in the pan after every basting dredge with salt and flour. Allow three hours in a moderate oven for an eight pound turkey cook till legs will separate from the body. Remove strings and serve with a garnish of parsley or celery leaves.

 

Cranberry Sauce:

Put three pints of washed cranberries in a granite stew pan on top put three cups granulated sugar and 3 cup water. After they begin to boil cook them ten minutes closely covered do not stir them. They will jelly when cool and the skins will be soft and tender.

 

Parsnip Fritters:

Wash and scrub thoroughly but do not peel till after boiling. Place in boiling water and boil till tender. Plunge into cold water and skins will slip off easily. Mash them well season to taste with butter salt and pepper. Flour the hands and shape the mashed parsnips into small flat oval cakes roll them in flour and fry in butter until brown.

Dressed Celery:

Prepare the dressing first as follows

1 c vinegar, not too strong.

3 T sugar,

1/2 each of salt and mustard,

1/2 tsp pepper,

1 c butter,

1 T flour,

1 egg well beaten.

 

Boil the vinegar sugar salt mustard and pepper together. Rub the butter to a cream add the flour pour the boiling vinegar over this .Cook five minutes. Then pour it over the beaten egg and cook over hot water until thick like custard. Care must be taken not to cook too long after egg is in else it will curdle. Should this happen place the sauce pan in cold water immediately and beat with an egg beater till smooth. Cut the celery after being washed and scraped into very thin slices. Mix with the dressing and serve with a garnish of crisp celery leaves.

 

Steamed Fruit Pudding

1 pt flour

2 T baking powder

1 T salt

1 cup milk

2 Tb melted butter

2 eggs

1/2 c sugar

1 pt cut fruit or

1 c stoned and cut raisins

Sift the salt and baking powder with the flour add the milk and melted butter. Beat the yolks till creamy and thick add sugar slowly thoroughly beat this mixture into the dough. Add the whites of the eggs beaten stiff.  After cleaning the fruit roll it in flour and add lastly to the dough. Butter a tin pudding mold and pour in the mixture leaving room enough for it to swell in cooking. If you have no special mold use a small tin bucket with a tight fitting lid. Place flat iron on lid. Then put bucket in a pot and pour in boiling water until it comes within one inch of the rim of the bucket keep the water at this height. Steam from two to two and one half hours. Serve with hard sauce.

 

Hard Sauce

1/4 c butter

1/2 c powdered sugar

1/2 teaspoon lemon or vanilla or a little nutmeg.

Rub butter to a cream add sugar slowly then the flavoring. Serve with hot pudding

 

~The young woman’s journal, Volume 9

 

Thanksgiving TurkeyThis is a kindergarten Thanksgiving class circa 1893.

 

Do you remember that the baker was the worker we talked of last week?

 

What other workers can you name?

 

What did the farmer do in the autumn?

 

Gathered seeds to save for next year yes and gathered in his harvest.

 

(Children name seeds and name fruits and vegetables etc harvested for winter.)

 

How happy and thankful the farmer feels when he thinks of his cellar stored with apples potatoes etc for his family all winter and of his barns full of hay and oats and corn etc for the animals.

 

And because harvest time brings all these things and is so joyful people thought it would be the best time to have a special day for giving thanks to God.

 

Now let us sing the Thanksgiving song, and play that this is Thanksgiving Day and that we are all at grandmother’s house.

 

How glad we are to see her and grandfather and all the uncles and aunts and cousins!

 

We run into the kitchen and peep into the big oven – an old fashioned one, very much like the one the baker has. Oh! how good everything smells!  And there is the big turkey isn’t he a monster?  What else is being prepared for dinner?

 

(Children always sing with unction:-

“Hurrah for the fun

Is the pudding done?

Hurrah for the pumpkin pie!”

 

 

But we do not want them to think of the good things merely as eatables. A hint of the right way to talk of the dinner is found in the fact that the Thanksgiving feast was formerly intended to show forth some of everything that had been raised on the farm, thus representing the bounteousness of the whole harvest for which the thanks were given.)

 

Soon we go to church.

 

We sit nicely and do not talk and we sing as well as we can. ( Sing some song expressing thanks. This will be the time to make the “spiritual meaning of the day bright and clear.”  Direct the children’s thoughts to causes for thankfulness -universal and special- and to showing thankfulness by deed as well as by word.

When the regular playtime comes let it be the afternoon merrymaking at grandmother’s .)

 

~In the child’s world:morning talks and stories for kindergartens, primary schools and homes, 1893